Prospective cohort studies are designed in a way that the two investigated groups are classified based on their exposure status and risk factors. In the next step, the samples are studied over time to evaluate and compare the outcomes in both groups.
The cohort research is a forward direction study aiming to determine the etiology of the diseases. Regarding the timing, cohort studies can be categorized as historical, concurrent, or mixed time. For instance, a cohort study, which addresses the risk factors and outcomes of a disease in a 10-year period starting from the onset of the study, is categorized as concurrent.
Cohort studies are good predictive of causal relationships since they are conducted prospectively with the precise estimation of the time. However, it is not easy to conduct cohort studies due to the high costs of research and inaccessibility to a large sample over a period of time
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